SS‑31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria‑targeted peptide that binds cardiolipin to stabilize the inner mitochondrial membrane. It enhances electron transport efficiency, reduces reactive oxygen species, and improves energy output. SS‑31 supports cellular vitality, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular and muscular resilience in research settings.
Protects and restores mitochondrial function by targeting cardiolipin and dampening oxidative stress
Shown in animal models to improve muscle endurance, cognitive resilience, and recovery after injury or oxidative insult
Potential neuroprotective and anti-aging effects through improved redox balance and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways (SIRT1/PGC‑1α)
Administration protocols include subcutaneous injections (1–5 mg start, up to 5–10 mg or more per dose) or IV infusions under clinical supervision
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